Sector Coupling for Smart Cities

Criteria & specifications

Criteria to be observed

• Requirements from the building energy law (GEG)
• Specifications from the heat supply regulation
• What influence does the EU Green Deal have?
• The solutions should in any case be technically feasible and subject to economic efficiency (be creative, but also realistic)
• Focus on existent Buildings
• Two scenarios can be discussed, on the one hand existing buildings with gas heat should get new heat supply or existing buildings with district heating should be extended by green heat and cooling

The following approaches/ideas/measures already exist:

• Smart meter infrastructure is already being rolled out to optimize district heating networks and production capacities
• First synergy concepts were developed together with the Berlin power grid regarding the gateways used
• Heat pump projects in combination with district heating already exist, but in the Netherlands and Sweden
• Installation of PV / solar thermal energy on the facade, which can also act as insulation, or PV on the roof
• There is the consideration the existing piping and the radiators further to use, however with smaller temperature level of the heat pump. Thus the basic load is covered. The peaks could then be covered by electric panel heating systems e.g. on the (renewed) windows.
• In addition to the energy generation plants (WP, PV, boiler, ...) we see storage options (thermal, electrical, chemical, ...) as an integral part.

Which approaches are not desired?

• Fossil fuels
• approaches without currently existing infrastructure (e.g. hydrogen)

Possible target scenarios for the project:

• Combining PV on the roof / facade with insulation and solar (+WP)
• (Large) heat pump into the courtyard and at the same time connection to the municipal heating network
• Smart operation of the systems depending on grid usability/economics: Smart orchestration at which time which energy source is to be preferred:
• Heat pump with favorable mains current
• City heating in remaining times / peak demand
• Use of smart meter infrastructure
• Optional integration of third-party consumers in case of excess power (e.g. EV charging or batteries)
• If necessary, clustering of existing building areas as a larger energy source for waste heat
• Smart P2H from electric cars via charging points --> Supply of surrounding buildings or their heat storage units